Mystical Ocean Essays - English-language Films,

Mystical Ocean Sarah stood at the top of the cliff, her toes curled around the edge of the jagged rocks. She glanced briefly down towards the circular, blue pool, which appeared to be the size of a laundry bucket from this height. She knew from experience that if she hesitated, paused to gather courage, it would only make it harder to take the step into space. She drew in a deep breath, counted to herself, "One, two, three" and placed her life in the hands of gravity. As she descended, the magical power and speed of falling through the sunlight and then plunging into the water exhilarated her. It was always the same and yet the rush she experienced, felt as thrilling as the first time. As she broke the surface of the water, any remaining oxygen escaped from her lungs. Upon surfacing, she would give her golden, brown hair a shake and gasp for air, while trying to cope with the adrenalin that bolted through her veins. She awoke from this pleasant reflection with a grin on her face. It wasn't until she began to regain full consciousness that the sinister fingers of her dreadful disease reached around her chest and began to squeeze. The daily shock of realisation confronted her. Every morning she had to face the horrific facts, again and again and again. Lying back in her bed, she listened to the small birds whistling cheerfully outside. She couldn't help reminding herself of how pointless and irrational it was to resent the native birds, which sat on the dry, summer twigs. Finally, she could not bear to listen to them any more. They could dance so freely, then stretch their wings and fly away. Sarah's thoughts were disturbed by her mother's loud entrance to the room. As always she was trying her absolute best to sound cheerful and indirectly supportive. "How are you feeling?" she inquired compassionately. "Simply fantastic!" Sarah replied sarcastically. Her mother attempted to ignore the bitter remark but was visibly affected by Sarah's recent cynical attitude. Sarah, although noticing her mother's discomfort refused to make eye contact or soften her harsh comments. "How would you feel lying in this bed day after day?" she asked angrily. "I could take you for a walk in your chair along the beach later, if you want" her mother offered encouragingly. "I've told you, I hate that chair and when are you going to get ithe damn thing out of my room", shouted Sarah. She stared accusingly at her mother and then at the dull, silver wheelchair, sitting beside her bed. Sarah hated that chair, refusing to use it and resented her mother for Vbos No. 97194015 T leaving it in her room. "Get it out!" Sarah roared once again. Despondently Sarah's mother turned and wheeled the chair out of her room. Silently Sarah's nurse entered the room. A small Asian woman, she rarely if ever spoke. Slowly she fed Sarah breakfast; spoon-fed like a child. Frustration and anger grew within Sarah, as the most mundane tasks were now beyond her capabilities. As the nurse gently bathed Sarah's legs, she wistfully remembered when she had full use of her limbs. Tanned, defined, strong, her legs were an object of desire. Now they were little more than two thin, brittle twigs. She envied her nurse as she moved gracefully through the room. Meticulously prepared Sarah's medication, ensuring each duty was performed to the greatest detail, before leaving as swiftly as she'd entered, offering Sarah only a shy, unsure, half-smile. Through her balcony window, Sarah witnessed the huge waves crash into the jagged rocks below and listened in silence to the mysteriously wild, roar of the ocean. The bitter taste of medication lingered in her mouth, while the harsh wind picked up the sand, swirling it in the air, causing the last of the tourists to scurry from the sand. The beach was now desolate and bare, looked more like a desert. As the sun slowly began to hide behind the clouds, the once golden sand turned to a murky gray, while the incoming tide swallowed all before it. The shadow of darkness spread quickly across the deep, endless ocean, hiding all within life and the life of Sarah's.

Logistics Behind the Scenes of this Growing Job Sector

Logistics Behind the Scenes of this Growing Job Sector Moving products from a supplier to customers is the job of a logistician. In today’s global economy, it is important for trained individuals to move goods expeditiously. Without experienced logisticians at the helm, a global economy may falter. Understanding logistics will make it clear why jobs in this sector are plentiful and well compensated. What Do Logisticians Do?Individuals who work in logistics have many different jobs. They may work in a warehouse, loading dock, or distribution center. As goods arrive from a supplier, the items need to be transported to retailers and, ultimately, customers.  Some logistic specialists monitor the path a product takes to reach its destination, surveying the company’s cost and transit time. However, logisticians not only handle raw material and supplies. They can  also make sure that response teams are available when a natural disaster strikes. Military logisticians make sure that troops have essential supplies.Job Growth in L ogisticsAccording to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, job growth in this field is burgeoning and growth is expected to be at about 22 percent from 2012 to 2022. The sector is growing at such a fast rate because of  the amount of goods that must be transported each day. The amount of freight has grown by 20 percent in the last ten years and is expected to expand another 65 percent by 2020. This enormous growth means that more jobs will be available.Training for LogisticiansA bachelor’s degree is needed for most managerial jobs, although an associate’s degree may be required for some. Training is usually done on the job. Frequently, hiring for positions happens from within a company in logistics. This enables you to work your way up and, according to Supply Chain Digital, promotions are frequent for those with a solid work ethic.Training may begin in the armed services, where jobs in supply are plentiful. After your term of service is finished, getting a job in logistic s is not difficult.Salary for LogisticiansThe salary logisticians receive can vary, depending  on whether they work in a metropolitan area or a rural one. The profession’s  average salary was $73,400 in 2013- salaries ranged from $46,120 to  $112,750. Houston, the District of Columbia, and San Jose held the top paying positions.  The highest-paying industries in the profession were  for gas and oil extraction and coal and petroleum manufacturing.In addition, getting a well-paying job internationally may be possible with a background in logistics.Finding Work in LogisticsDue to the expanding nature of jobs in logistics, looking at job search sites online is the best way to find an opening. Searching manually may be time consuming. TheJobNetwork offers a comprehensive way to find employment. It is free to join and offers you the ability to let the platform work for you. By providing information about the position you want and listing your qualifications, TheJobNetwork searches for new opportunities 24/7 that match your criteria. Once a job is located, an email is sent to notify you. Finding the job you want, where you want and at the salary you need is convenient with TheJobNetwork.

Statistical Tools in Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statistical Tools in Research - Essay Example A t-test is a statistical tool that can help evaluate the average results between two independent groups (statsoft.com). In this case, the independent groups are the proposed and reported methods. The means of the two methods were compared to determine the values for the t-test (fao.org). The t-test values with their respective n degrees of freedom were determined using the Student’s t-test table, and the researchers were able to provide evidence that the proposed and reported methods are similar. The F-test is a ratio of the variances and measures the similarity of the results obtained using two different methods (fao.org). Given the F-value for then degrees of freedom, the authors were able to establish that their proposed method is similar to the reported method. The accuracy of the method, expressed as % Recovery, was also measured. The recovery, in terms of percentage, is a ratio of the actual result and the theoretical value in the study (Narayana and Sunil, 207 – 208). The study conducted by Ward et al. (696-698) also used the mean and SD to compare the pancreatic cancer cases brought about by nitrates and those of the control population. The researchers used the odds ratio and % confidence interval to quantify their observations. However, in the calculation of the odds ratio, adjustments had to be made to account for age, gender and smoking habits of the participants. The odds ratio is a ratio of the probability of a particular event or disease to occur with its probability of not occurring (Goldin, stats.org). The values obtained will have a maximum value of 1, which implies a 50:50 chance of occurring and not occurring. The mean and standard deviation of results do not only provide the spread of the data in the population but can also be used to compare two different methods and arrive at associations between a disease and  its possible causes. Narayana and Sunil were able to optimize the use of statistics in the study that they conducted, with the use of the t-test and F-test.  

Turkle and Belkin on Human Suffering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Turkle and Belkin on Human Suffering - Essay Example People get strange experience when they are favored, but they would criticize the event when it is not in their favor. When my sibling is to act as a source of cure to my problem, I would be positive towards the decision: â€Å"In the case of technological advance, for instance, when parents opt for test tube babies, medicine had achieved the level of creating children conceived in-vitro; later it turned out that their child could be a possible donor, this was a surprise and incurred a lot of criticism as they did not believe that human being would be born just to be used as a spare part† (Belkin 04). Ethically, saving life is far better and should not be termed as using a human being as a spare part. As a donor, you may assist to restore life for someone who had lost hope completely. However, with the technological advancement, assisting through donation has negligible effects on the donor due to the high technology involved in carrying out the procedure. Despite criticism fr om other organizations and scientists, it is not ethical for them. Belkin reiterated that it is human to do everything to save lives through donation; hence, the donation of embryo parts was not prejudiced as malpractice despite the ethical aspects involved (Belkin 06). Just as a scientific laboratory researchers struggled through hurricane with risk for their lives aiming at saving lives of other people, the story of Henry and Molly became a successful breakthrough in the scientific view of life that can continue without medical services and assistance. According to the article, the young girl underwent a lot of tribulations, for instance, having unbalanced limbs, being deaf on one ear, and also having malfunctions in the heart (Belkin 07). Due to the doctor’s observation, she was whisked from her parents, Lisa and Jack. However, just the couple went through hard times, Laurie and Allen also faced tough times as they struggled to salvage lives at their early 30’s. The y managed to get good medical support from doctors through the use of computers; Laurie was employed by nonprofit making organization, while Allen worked with computers. Through the expertise that Allen had, they managed to find a doctor online who could help with the issues of their illnesses (Belkin 10). Technology is used both for leisure and curative, for instance, as Belkin states, a lot of research was carried out through technology to salvage life, especially to cure long term illnesses that could only be managed with stop-gap solutions, so that the patient lives longer. We get informed by Belkin that â€Å"by 1982 patients suffering from Franconia are likely to survive on provision of lower dose of chemotherapeutic drug referred to as Cytoxan†. However, many women, described in the article, resorted to abortion in case the children were not healthy; this follows numerous cases of sickness from complicated diseases. To some extent, â€Å"they were getting older as the ir children got sicker as time continued running† (Belkin 104). However, the article states that the younger the patient is during organ transplantation, the better the chances of survival. As in the case of a child, most of the body parts are still under construction and development, hence, they have high chances of survival during and after operations. This is essential to the children whose transplant cases were diagnosed at an early age. In addition, the article

Icon Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Icon Analysis - Assignment Example They represent the much needed leadership traits that American leaders must possess. In times of recession, people need characters that would serve as an inspiration in battling whatever crisis a country faces. According to Robert Pattinson, "Twilight is a big metaphor for sexual abstinence, and yet its erotic underneath. There are so many elements in the story which are sexy." This is true indeed that is why Pattinson has many die-hard fans. Pattinson represents the sexual urge that is subtly represented by his vampire character in the sequel â€Å" Twilight†. Young viewers can easily identify their repressed sexual feelings with Bella and Edward which is why this movie is successful. Lastly, Michael Jackson is still one of the world’s popular icon. His death made people cry for it symbolizes the good old days of the 70s of which soul, rock and roll as well as other significant events such as man’s landing on the moon happened in that era. Michael Jackson represents the decade where Cold War put the world in a political tension. Moreover, MJ reminds middle age people of their innocence at that time. MJ is a successful popular icon despite the fact that he had numerous legal battles involving sexual abuse of

Moral Panics And Create Folk Devils

Moral Panics And Create Folk Devils There are many ways in which the media can incite moral panics and produce folk devils and one way in which this is possible is through labelling. Moral entrepreneurs, who dislike some particular behaviour such as drug takings, may use the media to put pressure on the authorities to do something. This is an important element in the process in creating moral panic. This refers to an exaggerated over-reaction by society to a perceived problem- usually fuelled or inspired by the media. The media also help to make the problem bigger and blow it out of proportion. There are many ways in which the media can stimulate this. In a moral panic, the media identify a group as a folk devil. Folk devil can be identified as a threat to societys values. The media also present the group in a negative stereotypical fashion and again exaggerate the scale of the problem. Also the respectable people of the society such as, bishops, politicians and police chiefs condemn the group and its behaviour. Usually this would lead to a crackdown on the threatening groups. In spite of this, it may result in creating a self-fulfilling prophecy that amplifies the very problem that caused the panic in the first place. This could be seen in the instance with cases of drugs. As a result police set up drugs squads and in turn find out more drugs and the crackdown identifies more deviants, which then calls for even tougher action creating a deviance amplification spiral. The most influential study was by Stanley Cohen, which was featured in his book Folk Devils and Moral Panics. He examined the role of the media and the medias response to disturbances between 2 groups of teenagers. The Mods and the Rockers were two groups of largely working class teenagers, at English seaside resorts from 1964-1966, and Cohen examined the way in which this created a moral panic. The mods were distinguished as wearing smart clothes and rode scooters and listened to pop and soul, whilst rockers wore leather jackets and rode motorbikes and listened to rock and roll. Although in the early stages, distinctions were not very clear. On the Easter weekend 1964 there were a few scuffles and broken windows and some beach huts were destroyed. Although the disorder was minimal, the media over reacted. In Cohens analysis, he uses the analogy of a disaster, where the media produce an inventory or stocktaking of what happened. This inventory contained three things. Exaggeration and distortion are one of them. This is where the media exaggerate the numbers involved and the extent of the violence and damage, and distort the picture through the dramatic reporting and sensational headlines. Second, is prediction and this were the media regularly predict and assume further conflict and violence will take place. Lastly, symbolisation, and this is where the mods and rockers symbols such as- their clothes, bikes, scooters and hairstyles- are negatively labelled and associated with deviance. Cohen goes further and argues that the medias portrayal of events produces a deviance amplification spiral by making it seem as if the problem was spreading and getting out of hand. This then led to an increased control response from the police and also courts. This then in turn produced further marginalisation and stigmatisation of the Mods and Rockers as deviants and less tolerance. The media further amplified the deviance by defining the two groups and their sub cultural styles. By emphasising their supposed differences, the media made clear the two distinct identities and transformed loose-knit grouping into two tight knit gangs. This encouraged polarisation and helped create a self- fulfilling prophecy of escalating conflict as youths acted out roles the media had assigned them. Cohen also observed that the medias definition of the situation are crucial in creating a moral panic, because in large-scale modern societies, most people have no direct experience of the events themselves and therefore have to rely on the media for information about them. In the case of the Mods and Rockers, this allowed the media to portray them as folk devil. However it could be said that the notion described by Cohen are outdated. Fashion and music have become more diverse, and young people rarely identify themselves with one particular style. Subsequently, society has become more complex, fragmented and liberal and its less clear what constitutes deviant behaviour. Thirdly, politicians are cautious when trying to create a moral panic over, for example, teenage mums, in case they are seen as old-fashioned bullies. McRobbie and Thornton argue that society and the media have moved on and new concepts and ideas. They also point out that early versions of the moral panic model saw society as one influenced by postmodernism, would take a more differentiated approach. It has been widely accepted that this is the age of moral panics. From the Bulger case to mad cow disease, newspaper headlines continually warn of some new danger and television programmes  echo the theme with sensational documentaries. Although todays media audiences are accustomed to shock stories. So it could be said that they do not react to manic to media exaggerations. Finally it has been said that the media create moral panic to preserve ruling class hegemony. This was seen in the 1970s mugging, which were sensationalised by the elite to divert the attention from the crisis of the Britain capitalism. In conclusion many of the dramatized stories illustrate many aspects of moral panic and highlight the way such issues are portrayed and orchestrated by the media. As it is the case with many moral panics become deviants such as the Mods and Rockers, and are deemed threatening to our society as a result of the medias reporting of their views and actions.

Comparing Machiavellis The Prince and Platos The Republic Essay

Comparing Machiavelli's The Prince and Plato's The Republic  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Many people in history have written about ideal rulers and states and how to maintain them.   Perhaps the most talked about and compared are Machiavelli's, The Prince and Plato's, The Republic.   Machiavelli lived at a time when Italy was suffering from its political destruction.   The Prince, was written to describe the ways by which a leader may gain and maintain power. In Plato?s The Republic, he unravels the definition of justice.   Plato believed that a ruler could not be wholly just unless one was in a society that was also just. His state and ruler was made up to better understand the meaning of justice.   It was not intended to be practiced like that of Machiavelli's. Machiavelli, acknowledging this, explains that it is his intention to write something that is true and real and useful to whoever might read it and not something imaginary,"?for many have pictured republics and principalities which in fact have never been known or seen?(Machiavelli 375)."à ‚   Therefore, because one ruler is realistic and the other imaginary, the characteristics of Machiavelli's ruler versus Plato's ruler are distinctly different.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Machiavelli?s model for his ideal prince was Cesare Borgia, also known as Duke Valentino and son of Pope Alexander VI.   He believed Cesare Borgia possessed all the qualities of a prince destined to rule and maintain power in his state. He believed that politics has a morality of its own.   There is no regard of justness or unjustness, of cruelty or   mercy, of   approval   or   humiliation, which  Ã‚   should  Ã‚   interfere  Ã‚   with   the   decision   of defending the state and preserving its freedom.   Therefore, the ruler/prince's single responsibilit... ...ddle with each other (Plato 99).? In The Prince, Machiavelli was addressing a monarchical ruler and offering advice designed to keep that ruler in power.   He felt that Cesare Borgia was model for the perfect prince. He was able to give actual examples of how princes during his time ruled and how they failed or succeeded in doing so.   Plato, in contrast was perhaps unrealistic. His ruler and state could only be used to   better understand the meaning of justice. It could never be practiced in real life because he neglects the fact that everyone sins and fails to mention this in his ideal ruler and state.  Ã‚      Works Cited 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marra, James L., Zelnick, Stephen C., and Mattson, Mark T.  Ã‚   IH 51 Source Book: Plato,   The Republic, pp. 77-106 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nicole Machiavelli,   The Prince, pp. 359-386.   Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 1998.   

Interest and Topic

CHAPTER 9Basic Macroeconomic Relationships TopicQuestion numbers:Consumption function/APC/MPC 1-39Saving function/APS/MPS 40-53Shifts in consumption and saving functions 54-69Graphs/tables: mixed consumption and saving 70-106Investment demand 107-145Multiplier effect 146-181Consider This 182-183Last Word 184-185True-False 186-200Multiple Choice Questions Consumption function/APC/MPCType: A Topic: 1 E: 152 MA: 152 .The most important determinant of consumer spending is:A)the level of household debt.B)the stock of wealth.C)consumer expectations.D)the level of income.Answer: DType: D Topic: 1 E: 152 MA: 1522. The most important determinant of consumption and saving is the:A)level of bank credit.B) level of income.C) interest rate.D) price level.Answer: BType: A Topic: 1 E: 156 MA: 1563. If Smith's disposable income increases from $1,200 to $1,700 and her level of saving increases from minus $100 to a plus $100, her marginal propensity to:A)save is three-fifths.C)consume is three-fifths. B)consume is one-half.D)consume is one-sixth.Answer: CType: A Topic: 1 E: 156 MA: 1564. With an MPS of . 4, the MPC will be:A)1. 0 minus . 4.B) . 4 minus 1. 0.C) the reciprocal of the MPS.D) . 4.Answer: AType: D Topic: 1 E: 156 MA: 1565. The MPC can be defined as that fraction of a:A)change in income that is not spent.C)given total income that is not consumed.B)change in income that is spent.D)given total income that is consumed.Answer: BType: A Topic: 1 E: 154 MA: 1546. The 45-degree line on a graph relating consumption and income shows:A)all points where the MPC is constant.B)all points at which saving and income are equal.C)all the points at which consumption and income are equal.D)the amounts households will plan to save at each possible level of income.Answer: CType: A Topic: 1 E: 154 MA: 1547. As disposable income goes up the:A)APC falls.C)volume of consumption declines absolutely.B)APS falls.D)volume of investment diminishes.Answer: AType: D Topic: 1 E: 153 MA: 1538. The cons umption schedule shows:A)that the MPC increases in proportion to GDP.B)that households consume more when interest rates are low.C)that consumption depends primarily on the level of business investment.D)the amounts households plan or intend to consume at various possible levels of aggregate income.Answer: DType: D Topic: 1 E: 153 MA: 1539. The consumption schedule relates:A)consumption to the level of disposable income.C)disposable income to domestic income.B)saving to the level of disposable income.D)consumption to saving.Answer: AType: A Topic: 1 E: 153 MA: 15310. A decline in disposable income:A)increases consumption by moving upward along a specific consumption schedule.B)decreases consumption because it shifts the consumption schedule downward.C)decreases consumption by moving downward along a specific consumption schedule.D)increases consumption because it shifts the consumption schedule upward.Answer: CType: D Topic: 1 E: 154 MA: 15411. The APC is calculated as:A)change in co nsumption / change in incomeC)change in income / change in consumptionB)consumption / incomeD)income / consumptionAnswer: BType: A Topic: 1 E: 153 MA: 15312. The consumption schedule shows:A)a direct relationship between aggregate consumption and accumulated wealth.B)a direct relationship between aggregate consumption and aggregate income.C)an inverse relationship between aggregate consumption and accumulated financial wealth.D)an inverse relationship between aggregate consumption and aggregate income.Answer: BType: D Topic: 1 E: 153 MA: 15313. The APC can be defined as the fraction of a:A)change in income that is not spent.B)change in income that is spent.C)specific level of total income that is not consumed.D)specific level of total income that is consumed.Answer: DType: G Topic: 1 E: 154-155 MA: 154-15514. The consumption schedule in the above diagram indicates that:A)consumers will maximize their satisfaction where the consumption schedule and 45 ° line intersect.B)up to a poi nt consumption exceeds income, but then falls below income.C)the MPC falls as income increases.D)households consume as much as they earn.Answer: BType: A Topic: 1 E: 154 MA: 15415. The consumption schedule is drawn on the assumption that as income increases consumption will:A)be unaffected.B)increase absolutely, but remain constant as a percentage of income.C)increase absolutely, but decline as a percentage of income.D)increase both absolutely and as a percentage of income.Answer: CType: A Topic: 1 E: 154 MA: 15416. Which of the following is correct?A)APC + APS = 1.B) APC + MPS = 1.C) APS + MPC = 1.D) APS + MPS = 1.Answer: AType: A Topic: 1 E: 154-156 MA: 16117. The consumption schedule is such that:A)both the APC and the MPC increase as income rises.B)the APC is constant and the MPC declines as income rises.C)the MPC is constant and the APC declines as income rises.D)the MPC and APC must be equal at all levels of income.Answer: CType: A Topic: 1 E: 154 MA: 15418. For all levels of income to the left of the intersection of the 45-degree line and the consumption schedule, the APC is:A)greater than 100 percent.B) less than the APS.C) equal to the MPC.D) equal to 100 percent.Answer: AType: A Topic: 1 E: 156 MA: 15619. The consumption and saving schedules reveal that the:A)MPC is greater than zero, but less than one.B)MPC and APC are equal at the point where the consumption schedule intersects the 45-degree line.C)APS is positive at all income levels.D)MPC is equal to or greater than one at all income levels.Answer: AType: A Topic: 1 E: 156 MA: 15620. The size of the MPC is assumed to be:A)less than zero.B) greater than one.C) greater than zero, but less than one.D) two or more.Answer: CType: A Topic: 1 E: 153-154 MA: 153-15421. As disposable income increases, consumption:A)and saving both increase.C)decreases and saving increases.B)and saving both decrease.D)increases and saving decreases.Answer: AType: D Topic: 1 E: 154 MA: 15422. The average propensity to consu me indicates the:A)amount by which income exceeds consumption.B)relationship between a change in saving and the consequent change in consumption.C)percentage of total income that will be consumed.D)percentage of a change in income that will be consumed.Answer: CType: A Topic: 1 E: 153 MA: 15323. The relationship between consumption and disposable income is such that:A)an inverse and stable relationship exists between consumption and income.B)a direct, but very volatile, relationship exists between consumption and income.C)a direct and relatively stable relationship exists between consumption and income.D)the two are always equal.Answer: CType: A Topic: 1 E: 156 MA: 15624. If the MPC is . 8 and disposable income is $200, thenA)consumption and saving cannot be determined from the information given.B)saving will be $20.C)personal consumption expenditures will be $80.D)saving will be $40.Answer: AType: A Topic: 1 E: 156 MA: 15625. The MPC for an economy is:A)the slope of the consumption schedule or line.B)the slope of the savings schedule or line.C)1 divided by the slope of the consumption schedule or line.D)1 divided by the slope of the savings schedule or line.Answer: AType: F Topic: 1 E: 158 MA: 15826. In contrast to investment, consumption is:A)relatively stable.B) relatively unstable.C) measurable.D) unmeasurable.Answer: AUse the following to answer questions 27-28: Advanced analysis) Answer the next question(s) on the basis of the following consumption schedule: C = 20 + . 9Y , where C is consumption and Y is disposable income.Type: E Topic: 1 E: 156 MA: 15627. Refer to the above data. The MPC is:A). 45.B) . 20.C) . 50.D) . 90.Answer: DType: E Topic: 1 E: 156 MA: 15628. Refer to the above data. At an $800 level of disposable income, the level of saving is:A)$180.B) $740.C) $60.D) $18.Answer: CType: A Topic: 1 E: 156 MA: 15629. Which one of the following will cause a movement down along an economy's consumption schedule?A)an increase in stock pricesC)an incre ase in consumer indebtednessB)a decrease in stock pricesD)a decrease in disposable incomeAnswer: DType: G Topic: 1 E: 156 MA: 15630. The above diagram shows consumption schedules for economies A and B. We can say that the:A)MPC is greater in B than in A.B)APC at any given income level is greater in B than in A.C)MPS is smaller in B than in A.D)MPC is greater in A than in B.Answer: DType: A Topic: 1 E: 154 MA: 15431. At the point where the consumption schedule intersects the 45-degree line:A)the MPC is 1. 00.C)saving is equal to consumption.B)the APC is 1. 0.D)the economy is in equilibrium.Answer: BType: C Topic: 1 E: 156 MA: 15632. Holly's break-even level of income is $10,000 and her MPC is 0. 75. If her actual disposable income is $16,000, her level of:A)consumption spending will be $14,500.C)consumption spending will be $13,000.B)consumption spending will be $15,500.D)saving will be $2,500.Answer: AType: A Topic: 1 E: 156 MA: 15633. If Ben's MPC is . 80, this means that he will:A )spend eight-tenths of any increase in his disposable income.B)spend eight-tenths of any level of disposable income.C)break even when his disposable income is $8,000.D)save two-tenths of any level of disposable income.Answer: AType: A Topic: 1 E: 154 MA: 15434. Suppose a family's consumption exceeds its disposable income. This means that its:A)MPC is greater than 1.B) MPS is negative.C) APC is greater than 1.D) APS is positive.Answer: CType: E Topic: 1 E: 154 MA: 15435. (Advanced analysis) If the equation for the consumption schedule is C = 20 + 0. 8Y , where C is consumption and Y is disposable income, then the average propensity to consume is 1 when disposable income is:A)$80.B) $100.C) $120.D) $160.Answer: BType: E Topic: 1 E: 156 MA: 15636. (Advanced analysis) The equation C = 35 + . 75Y , where C is consumption and Y is disposable income, shows that:A)households will consume three-fourths of whatever level of disposable income they receive.B)households will consume $35 if their disposable income is zero and will consume three-fourths of any increase in disposable income they receive.C)there is an inverse relationship between disposable income and consumption.D)households will save $35 if their disposable income is zero and will consume three-fourths of any increase in disposable income they receive.Answer: BType: E Topic: 1 E: 156 MA: 15637. Advanced analysis) If the equation C = 20 + . 6Y , where C is consumption and Y is disposable income, were graphed:A)the vertical intercept would be +. 6 and the slope would be +20.B)it would reveal an inverse relationship between consumption and disposable income.C)the vertical intercept would be negative, but consumption would increase as disposable income rises.D)the vertical intercept would be +20 and the slope would be +. 6.Answer: DType: A Topic: 1 E: 154 MA: 15438. One can determine the amount of any level of total income that is consumed by:A)multiplying total income by the slope of the consumption schedule.B) multiplying total income by the APC.C)subtracting the MPS from total income.D)multiplying total income by the MPC.Answer: BType: C Topic: 1 E: 154, 156 MA: 154, 15639. Which of the following is correct?A)MPC + MPS = APC + APSC)APC + MPC = APS + MPSB)APC + MPS = APS + MPCD)APC – APS = MPC – MPSAnswer: A Saving function/APS/MPSType: A Topic: 2 E: 154 MA: 15440. The consumption and saving schedules reveal that:A)consumption rises, but saving declines, as disposable income rises.B)saving varies inversely with the profitability of investment.C)saving varies directly with the level of disposable income.D)saving is inversely related to the rate of interest.Answer: CType: D Topic: 2 E: 154 MA: 15441. Dissaving means:A)the same thing as disinvesting.B)that households are spending more than their current incomes.C)that saving and investment are equal.D)that disposable income is less than zero.Answer: BType: D Topic: 2 E: 154 MA: 15442. Dissaving occurs where:A)income exceeds con sumption.C)consumption exceeds income.B)saving exceeds consumption.D)saving exceeds income.Answer: CType: A Topic: 2 E: 156 MA: 15643. Which of the following relations is not correct?A)1 – MPC = MPSB) APS + APC = 1C) MPS = MPC + 1D) MPC + MPS = 1Answer: CType: A Topic: 2 E: 154 MA: 15444. The saving schedule is drawn on the assumption that as income increases:A)saving will decline absolutely and as a percentage of income.B)saving will increase absolutely, but remain constant as a percentage of income.C)saving will increase absolutely, but decline as a percentage of income.D)saving will increase absolutely and as a percentage of income.Answer: DType: A Topic: 2 E: 154 MA: 15445. At the point where the consumption schedule intersects the 45-degree line:A)the MPC equals 1.B) the APC is zero.C) saving equals income.D) saving is zero.Answer: DType: A Topic: 2 E: 154 MA: 15446. The saving schedule is such that as aggregate income increases by a certain amount saving:A)increases by the same amount as the increase in income.B)does not change.C)increases, but by a smaller amount.D)increases by an even larger amount.Answer: CType: A Topic: 2 E: 156 MA: 15647. If the consumption schedule is linear, then the:A)saving schedule will also be linear.C)MPC will decline as income rises.B)MPS will decline as income rises.D)APC will be constant at all levels of income.Answer: AType: A Topic: 2 E: 153 MA: 15348. Given the consumption schedule, it is possible to graph the relevant saving schedule by:A)subtracting the MPC from 1 at each level of income.B)subtracting investment from consumption at each level of GDP.C)plotting the horizontal differences between the consumption schedule and the 45-degree line.D)plotting the vertical differences between the consumption schedule and the 45-degree line.Answer: DType: A Topic: 2 E: 154 MA: 15449. As aggregate income decreases, the APC:A)and APS will both increase.C)will increase, but the APS will decrease.B)will decrease, but the AP S will increase.D)and APS will both decrease.Answer: CType: A Topic: 2 E: 156 MA: 15650. If the marginal propensity to consume is . 9, then the marginal propensity to save must be:A)1.B) . 1.C) 1. 1.D) . 9.Answer: BType: A Topic: 2 E: 156 MA: 15651. The greater is the marginal propensity to consume, the:A)smaller is the marginal propensity to save.C)lower is the average propensity to consume.B)higher is the interest rate.D)lower is the price level.Answer: AType: A Topic: 2 E: 156 MA: 15652. If the saving schedule is a straight line, the:A)MPS must be constant.C)APC must be constant.B)APS must be constant.D)MPC must be rising.Answer: AType: A Topic: 2 E: 154 MA: 15453. Which one of the following will cause a movement up along an economy's saving schedule?A)an increase in household debt outstandingC)an increase in stock pricesB)an increase in disposable incomeD)an increase in interest ratesAnswer: B Shifts in consumption and saving functionsType: D Topic: 3 E: 156-157 MA: 156-15754. I n the late 1990s the U. S. stock market boomed, causing U. S. consumption to rise. Economists refer to this outcome as the:A)Keynes effect.B) interest-rate effect.C) wealth effect.D) multiplier effect.Answer: CType: A Topic: 3 E: 157 MA: 15755. The wealth effect is shown graphically as a:A)shift of the consumption schedule.B)movement along an existing consumption schedule.C)shift of the investment schedule.D)movement along an existing investment schedule.Answer: AUse the following to answer questions 56-59:Type: G Topic: 3 E: 157 MA: 15756. Refer to the above graph. A movement from b to a along C1 might be caused by a:A)recession.B)wealth effect of an increase in stock market prices.C)decrease in income tax rates.D)increase in saving.Answer: AType: G Topic: 3 E: 157 MA: 15757. Refer to the above graph. A shift of the consumption schedule from C1 to C2 might be caused by a:A)recession.B)wealth effect of an increase in stock market prices.C)increase in income tax rates.D)increase in s aving.Answer: BType: G Topic: 3 E: 157 MA: 15758. Refer to the above graph. A movement from a to b along C1 might be caused by a:A)recession.B)wealth effect of an increase in stock market prices.C)increase in income tax rates.D)increase in real GDP.Answer: DType: G Topic: 3 E: 157 MA: 15759. Refer to the above graph. A shift of the consumption schedule from C2 to C1 might be caused by a:A)increase in real GDP.B)reverse wealth effect, caused by a decrease in stock market prices.C)decrease in income tax rates.D)decrease in saving.Answer: BType: C Topic: 3 E: 157 MA: 15760. An upward shift of the saving schedule suggests:A)nothing with respect to changes in the APC and APS.B)that the APC and APS have both decreased at each GDP level.C)that the APC and APS have both increased at each GDP level.D)that the APC has decreased and the APS has increased at each GDP level.Answer: DType: A Topic: 3 E: 157 MA: 15761. Which of the following will not tend to shift the consumption schedule upward?A )a currently small stock of durable goods in the possession of consumersB)the expectation of a future decline in the consumer price indexC)a currently low level of household debt.D)the expectation of future shortages of essential consumer goods.Answer: BType: A Topic: 3 E: 157 MA: 15762. If the consumption schedule shifts upward and the shift was not caused by a tax change, the saving schedule:A)will not shift.C)will shift downward.B)may shift either upward or downward.D)will also shift upward.Answer: CType: A Topic: 3 E: 156 MA: 15663. Which of the following will not cause the consumption schedule to shift?A)a sharp increase in the amount of wealth held by householdsB)a change in consumer incomesC)the expectation of a recessionD)a growing expectation that consumer durables will be in short supplyAnswer: BType: A Topic: 3 E: 157 MA: 15764. An increase in personal taxes will shift:A)both the consumption and saving schedules downward.B)both the consumption and saving schedules upward. C)the consumption schedule upward and the saving schedule downward.D)the consumption schedule downward and the saving schedule upward.Answer: AType: A Topic: 3 E: 157 MA: 15765. If for some reason households become increasingly thrifty, we could show this by:A)a downshift of the saving schedule.C)an upshift of the saving schedule.B)an upshift of the consumption schedule.D)an increase in the equilibrium GDP.Answer: CType: G Topic: 3 E: 156 MA: 15666. Suppose the economy's saving schedule shifts from S1 to S 2 as shown in the above diagram. We can say that its:A)MPC has increased.B)MPS has increased.C)APS has increased at all levels of disposable income.D)APS has decreased at all levels of disposable income.Answer: BType: C Topic: 3 E: 154 MA: 15467. If a consumption schedule shifts upward, this necessarily means that the:A)MPC has increased.B)MPS has decreased.C)APC is now higher at each level of disposable income.D)APC is now lower at each level of disposable income.Answer: CType: A Topic: 3 E: 158 MA: 15868. Assume the economy's consumption and saving schedules simultaneously shift downward. This must be the result of:A)an increase in disposable income.C)an increase in personal taxes.B)an increase in household wealth.D)the expectation of a recession.Answer: CType: G Topic: 3 E: 154 MA: 15469. Suppose an economy's consumption schedule shifts from C1 to C2 as shown in the above diagram. We can say that its:A)MPC has increased but its APC at each income level is unchanged.B)APC at each income level is increased but its MPC is unchanged.C)MPC and APC at each income level have both increased.D)MPC and APC at each income level have both decreased.Answer: CGraphs/tables: mixed consumption and saving Use the following to answer questions 70-72:Type: T Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 15670. Refer to the above data. The marginal propensity to consume is:A). 25.B) . 75.C) . 20.D) . 80.Answer: DType: T Topic: 4 E: 154 MA: 15471. Refer to the above data. At the $200 level of disposab le income:A)the marginal propensity to save is 2? percent.C)the average propensity to save is . 20.B)dissaving is $5.D)the average propensity to consume is . 80.Answer: BType: T Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 15672. Refer to the above data. If disposable income was $325, we would expect consumption to be:A)$315.B) $305.C) $20.D) $290.Answer: BUse the following to answer questions 73-78:Type: G Topic: 4 E: 154 MA: 15473. Refer to the above diagram. The average propensity to consume is 1 at point:A)F.B) A.C) D.D) B.Answer: BType: G Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 15674. Refer to the above diagram. The marginal propensity to consume is equal to:A)AE/0E.B) CF/CD.C) CB/AB.D) CD/CF.Answer: CType: G Topic: 4 E: 154-155 MA: 154-15575. Refer to the above diagram. At income level F the volume of saving is:A)BD.B) AB.C) CF-BF.D) CD.Answer: DType: G Topic: 4 E: 154 MA: 15476. Refer to the above diagram. Consumption will be equal to income at:A)an income of E.B) an income of F.C) point C.D) point D.Answer: AType: G To pic: 4 E: 154-155 MA: 154-15577. Refer to the above diagram. The economy is dissaving:A)in the amount CD.C)at income level H.B)at all income levels greater than E.D)at income level E.Answer: CType: G Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 15678. Refer to the above diagram. The marginal propensity to save is:A)CD/EF.B) CB/CF.C) CB/AF.D) EF/CB.Answer: AUse the following to answer questions 79-80:Type: A Topic: 4 E: 153 MA: 15379. The above figure suggests that:A)consumption would be $60 billion even if income were zero.B)saving is zero at the $120 billion income level.C)as income increases, consumption decreases as a percentage of income.D)as income increases, consumption decreases absolutely.Answer: CType: A Topic: 4 E: 154-155 MA: 154-15580. Refer to the above figure. If the relevant saving schedule were constructed:A)saving would be minus $20 billion at the zero level of income.B)aggregate saving would be $60 at the $60 billion level of income.C)its slope would be 1/2.D)it would slope downward and to the rightAnswer: AUse the following to answer questions 81-83:Answer the next question(s) on the basis of the following data for a hypothetical economy.Type: T Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 15681. Refer to the above data. The marginal propensity to consume is:A). 80.B) . 75.C) . 20.D) . 25.Answer: AType: T Topic: 4 E: 154 MA: 15482. Refer to the above data. At the $100 level of income, the average propensity to save is:A). 10.B) . 20.C) . 25.D) . 90.Answer: AType: T Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 15683. Refer to the above data. If plotted on a graph, the slope of the saving schedule would be:A). 80.B) . 10.C) . 20.D) . 15.Answer: CUse the following to answer questions 84-88:Type: G Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 15684. Refer to the above diagram. The marginal propensity to save is equal to:A)CD/0D.B) 0B/0A.C) 0D/0D.D) CD/BD.Answer: DType: G Topic: 4 E: 154 MA: 15485. Refer to the above diagram. At disposable income level D, the average propensity to save is equal to:A)CD/BD.B) CD/D.C) D/CD.D) A/B.Answer: BType: G Topic: 4 E: 154-155 MA: 154-15586. Refer to the above diagram. At disposable income level D, consumption is:A)equal to CD.B) equal to D minus CD.C) equal to CD/D.D) equal to CD plus BD.Answer: BType: G Topic: 4 E: 154-155 MA: 154-15587. Refer to the above diagram. Consumption equals disposable income when:A)disposable income is B.B) disposable income is D.C) CD equals A.D) B equals CD.Answer: AType: A Topic: 4 E: 156-157 MA: 156-15788. The saving schedule shown in the above diagram would shift downward if, all else equal:A)the average propensity to save increased at each income level.B)the marginal propensity to save rose at each income level.C)consumer wealth rose rapidly because of a significant increase in stock market prices.D)the real interest rate fell.Answer: CUse the following to answer questions 89-96:Answer the next question(s) on the basis of the following consumption schedules. DI signifies disposable income and C represents consumption expenditures. All figures are in billions of dollars.Type: T Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 15689. Refer to the above data. The marginal propensity to consume in economy (1) is:A). 5.B) . 3.C) . 8.D) . 7.Answer: DType: T Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 15690. Refer to the above data. The marginal propensity to consume:A)is highest in economy (1).C)is highest in economy (3).B)is highest in economy (2).D)cannot be calculated from the data given.Answer: CType: T Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 15691. Refer to the above data. The marginal propensity to save:A)is highest in economy (1).C)is highest in economy (3).B)is highest in economy (2).D)cannot be determined from the data given.Answer: AType: T Topic: 4 E: 154 MA: 15492. Refer to the above data. At an income level of $40 billion, the average propensity to consume:A)is highest in economy (1).C)is highest in economy (3).B)is highest in economy (2).D)cannot be determined from the data given.Answer: BType: T Topic: 4 E: 154 MA: 15493. Refer to the above data. At an income level of $400 billion, the aver age propensity to save in economy (2) is:A). 9125.B) . 0725.C) . 0875.D) . 9305.Answer: CType: T Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 15694. (Advanced analysis) Refer to the above data. When plotted on a graph, the vertical intercept of the consumption schedule in economy (3) is _____ and the slope is _____.A)minus $2; . 9.B) $2; . 18.C) $100; . 5.D) $2; . 9.Answer: DType: T Topic: 4 E: 158 MA: 15895. Refer to the above data. Suppose that consumption decreased by $2 billion at each level of DI in each of the three countries. We can conclude that the:A)marginal propensity to consume will remain unchanged in each of the three countries.B)marginal propensity to consume will decline in each of the three countries.C)average propensity to save will fall at each level of DI in each of the three countries.D)marginal propensity to save will rise in each of the three countries.Answer: AType: T Topic: 4 E: 157 MA: 15796. Refer to the above data. A $2 billion increase in consumption at each level of DI could be caused by:A)a decrease in consumer wealth.C)an increase in taxation.B)new expectations of higher future income.D)an increase in saving.Answer: BUse the following to answer questions 97-100:Type: G Topic: 4 E: 154 MA: 15497. Refer to the above diagram. The break-even level of disposable income:A)is zero.B) is minus $10.C) is $100.D) cannot be determined from the information given.Answer: CType: G Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 15698. Refer to the above diagram. The marginal propensity to consume is:A). 2.B) . 8.C) . 4.D) . 3.Answer: BType: G Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 15699. (Advanced analysis) The equation for the above saving schedule is:A)Yd = -20 + . 8S.B) Yd = 20 + . 2S.C) S = -20 + . 2Yd.D) S = 20 + . 8Yd.Answer: CType: G Topic: 4 E: 154-155 MA: 154-155100. Refer to the above diagram. The average propensity to consume:A)is greater than 1 at all levels of disposable income above $100.B)is greater than 1 at all levels of disposable income below $100.C)is equal to the average propensity to save.D) cannot be determined from the information given.Answer: BUse the following to answer questions 101-104:Type: G Topic: 4 E: 154 MA: 154101. Refer to the above diagram. The break-even level of income is:A)zero.B) $150.C) $60.D) $120.Answer: BType: G Topic: 4 E: 154 MA: 154102. Refer to the above diagram. The average propensity to consume is:A)greater than 1 at all levels of income above $150.B)greater than 1 at all levels of income below $150.C)zero.D). 6.Answer: BType: G Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 156103. Refer to the above diagram. The marginal propensity to consume is:A). 4.B) . 6.C) . 5.D) . 8.Answer: BType: G Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 156104. (Advanced analysis) Refer to the above diagram. The equation for the consumption schedule is:A)C = . 6Y .B) Y = 60 + . C.C) C = 60 + . 6Y .D) C = 60 + . 4Y .Answer: CUse the following to answer questions 105-106: (Advanced analysis) Answer the next question(s) on the basis of the following data:Type: T Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 156105. Which of the following e quations correctly represents the above data?A)Yd = 40 + . 6CB) C = 60 + . 4YdC) C = 40 + . 6YdD) C = . 6YdAnswer: CType: T Topic: 4 E: 156 MA: 156106. Which of the following equations represents the saving schedule implicit in the above data?A)S = C – YdB) S = 40 + . 4YdC) S = 40 + . 6YdD) S = -40 + . YdAnswer: DInvestment demandType: F Topic: 5 E: 160 MA: 160 Status: New107. The investment demand curve portrays an inverse (negative) relationship between:A)investment and real GDP.C)the nominal interest rate and investment.B)the real interest rate and investment.D)the price level and investment.Answer: BType: F Topic: 5 E: 160 MA: 160 Status: New108. The investment demand slopes downward and to the right because lower real interest rates:A)expand consumer borrowing, making investments more profitable.B)boost expected rates of returns on investment.C)enable more investment projects to be undertaken profitably.D)create tax incentives to invest.Answer: CType: ATopic: 5 E: 159 MA : 159 Status: New109. Other things equal, a decrease in the real interest rate will:A)shift the investment demand curve to the right.B)shift the investment demand curve to the left.C)move the economy upward along its existing investment demand curve.D)move the economy downward along its existing investment demand curve.Answer: DType: A Topic: 5 E: 159 MA: 159110. Suppose that a new machine tool having a useful life of only one year costs $80,000. Suppose, also, that the net additional revenue resulting from buying this tool is expected to be $96,000. The expected rate of return on this tool is:A)80 percent.B) 8 percent.C) 2 percent.D) 20 percent.Answer: DType: A Topic: 5 E: 159 MA: 159111. Assume a machine which has a useful life of only one year costs $2,000. Assume, also, that net of such operating costs as power, taxes, and so forth, the additional revenue from the output of this machine is expected to be $2,300. The expected rate of return on this machine is:A)7. 5 percent.B) 10 percent.C) 15 percent.D) 20 percent.Answer: CType: A Topic: 5 E: 159 MA: 159112. If the firm in the previous question finds it can borrow funds at an interest rate of 10 percent the firm should:A)not purchase the machine because the expected rate of return exceeds the interest rate.B)not purchase the machine because the interest rate exceeds the expected rate of return.C)purchase the machine because the expected rate of return exceeds the interest rate.D)purchase the machine because the interest rate exceeds the expected rate of return.Answer: CType: D Topic: 5 E: 159-160 MA: 159-160113. The relationship between the real interest rate and investment is shown by the:A)investment demand schedule.C)saving schedule.B)consumption of fixed capital schedule.D)aggregate supply curve.Answer: AType: A Topic: 5 E: 159-160 MA: 159-160114. Given the expected rate of return on all possible investment opportunities in the economy:A)an increase in the real rate of interest will reduce the level of investment.B)a decrease in the real rate of interest will reduce the level of investment.C)a change in the real interest rate will have no impact on the level of investment.D)an increase in the real interest rate will increase the level of investment.Answer: AType: A Topic: 5 E: 159-160 MA: 159-160115. A decline in the real interest rate will:A)increase the amount of investment spending.C)shift the investment demand curve to the right.B)shift the investment schedule downward.D)shift the investment demand curve to the left.Answer: AType: A Topic: 5 E: 159-160 MA: 159-160116. The immediate determinants of investment spending are the:A)expected rate of return on capital goods and the real interest rate.B)level of saving and the real interest rate.C)marginal propensity to consume and the real interest rate.D)interest rate and the expected price level.Answer: AType: A Topic: 5 E: 160 MA: 160117. The investment demand curve suggests:A)that changes in the real interest rate will not affec t the amount invested.B)there is an inverse relationship between the real rate of interest and the level of investment spending.C)that an increase in business taxes will tend to stimulate investment spending.D)there is a direct relationship between the real rate of interest and the level of investment spending.Answer: BType: T Topic: 5 E: 160 MA: 160118. Assume there are no prospective investment projects (I) that will yield an expected rate of return (r) of 25 percent or more, but that there are $5 billion of investment opportunities with an expected rate of return between 20 and 25 percent, an additional $5 billion between 15 and 20 percent, and so on. The investment-demand curve for this economy is:Answer: BType: T Topic: 5 E: 160 MA: 160119. In view of your answer to the previous question, if the real interest rate is 15 percent in this economy, the aggregate amount of investment will be:A)$25.B) $20.C) $15.D) $10.Answer: DType: C Topic: 5 E: 162 MA: 162120. If business taxes ar e reduced and the real interest rate increases:A)consumption and saving will necessarily increase.B)the level of investment spending might either increase or decrease.C)the level of investment spending will necessarily increase.D)the level of investment spending will necessarily decrease.Answer: BType: A Topic: 5 E: 162 MA: 162121. Other things equal, a 10 percent decrease in corporate income taxes will:A)decrease the market price of real capital goods.B)have no effect on the location of the investment-demand curve.C)shift the investment-demand curve to the right.D)shift the investment-demand curve to the left.Answer: CType: A Topic: 5 E: 162 MA: 162122. The investment demand curve will shift to the right as the result of:A)the availability of excess production capacity.B)an increase in business taxes.C)businesses becoming more optimistic about future business conditions.D)an increase in the real interest rate.Answer: CType: A Topic: 5 E: 159-160 MA: 159-160123. Other things equal, the real interest rate and the level of investment are:A)related only when saving equals planned investment.B)unrelated.C)inversely related.D)directly related.Answer: CUse the following to answer questions 124-125:Answer the next question(s) on the basis of the following table:Type: T Topic: 5 E: 160 MA: 160124. The above table reflects a(n):A)interest rate schedule.C)investment demand schedule.B)demand-for-money schedule.D)profit schedule.Answer: CType: T Topic: 5 E: 160 MA: 160125. The above schedule indicates that if the real interest rate is 8 percent, then:A)we cannot tell what volume of investment will be profitable.B)$30 billion will be both saved and invested.C)$30 billion of investment will be undertaken.D)$60 billion of investment will be undertaken.Answer: CType: C Topic: 5 E: 162 MA: 162126. Other things equal, if the real interest rate falls and business taxes rise:A)investment will rise until it is equal to saving.B)we will be uncertain as to the resulting change in in vestment.C)we can be certain that investment will rise.D)we can be certain that investment will fall.Answer: BType: A Topic: 5 E: 162 MA: 162127. The investment demand curve will shift to the right as a result of:A)an increase in the excess production capacity available in industry.B)an increase in business taxes.C)technological progress.D)an increase in the acquisition and maintenance cost of capital goods.Answer: CType: A Topic: 5 E: 162 MA: 162128. The investment demand curve will shift to the left as a result of:A)an increase in the excess production capacity available in industry.B)a decrease in business taxes.C)increased business optimism with respect to future economic conditions.D)a decrease in labor costs.Answer: AType: A Topic: 5 E: 159 MA: 159129. If the real interest rate in the economy is i and the expected rate of return from additional investment is r, then more investment will be forthcoming when:A)r falls.B) i is greater than r.C) r is greater than i.D) i rises.Answ er: CType: A Topic: 5 E: 162 MA: 162130. A rightward shift of the investment demand curve might be caused by:A)an increase in the price level.B)a decline in the real interest rate.C)an increase in the expected rate of return on investment.D)an increase in business taxes.Answer: CType: A Topic: 5 E: 159 MA: 159131. The real interest rate is:A)the percentage increase in money that the lender receives on a loan.B)the percentage increase in purchasing power that the lender receives on a loan.C)also called the after-tax interest rate.D)usually higher than the nominal interest rate.Answer: BType: A Topic: 5 E: 160 MA: 160132. When we draw an investment demand curve we hold constant all of the following except:A)the expected rate of return on the investment.C)the interest rate.B)business taxes.D)the present stock of capital goods.Answer: CType: A Topic: 5 E: 159 MA: 159133. If the nominal interest rate is 18 percent and the real interest rate is 6 percent, the inflation rate is:A)18 percen t.B) 24 percent.C) 12 percent.D) 6 percent.Answer: CType: A Topic: 5 E: 159-160 MA: 159-160134. If the inflation rate is 10 percent and the real interest rate is 12 percent, the nominal interest rate is:A)2 percent.B) zero percent.C) 10 percent.D) 22 percent.Answer: DType: A Topic: 5 E: 160 MA: 160135. A high rate of inflation is likely to cause a:A)high nominal interest rate.C)low rate of growth of nominal GDP.B)low nominal interest rate.D)decrease in nominal wages.Answer: AType: A Topic: 5 E: 160 MA: 160136. If the real interest rate in the economy is i and the expected rate of return on additional investment is r, then other things equal:A)more investment will be forthcoming when i exceeds r.B)less investment will be forthcoming when r rises.C)r will fall as more investment is undertaken.D)r will exceed i at all possible levels of investment.Answer: CType: A Topic: 5 E: 159 MA: 159137. If the real interest rate in the economy is i and the expected rate of return on additional inv estment is r, then other things equal:A)investment will take place until i and r are equal.B)investment will take place until r exceeds i by the greatest amount.C)r will rise as more investment is undertaken.D)i will fall as more investment is undertaken.Answer: AType: G Topic: 5 E: 160 MA: 160138. Assume that for the entire business sector of a private closed economy there is $0 worth of investment projects that will yield an expected rate of return of 25 percent or more. But there are $15 worth of investments that will yield an expected rate of return of 20-25 percent; another $15 with an expected rate of return of 15-20 percent; and similarly an additional $15 of investment projects in each successive rate of return range down to and including the 0-5 percent range. Which of the lines on the above diagram represents these data?A)AB) BC) CD) DAnswer: BUse the following to answer questions 139-141:Answer the next question(s) on the basis of the following information for a private c losed economy. Assume that for the entire business sector of the economy there is $0 worth of investment projects that will yield an expected rate of return of 25 percent or more. But there are $15 worth of investments that will yield an expected rate of return of 20-25 percent; another $15 with an expected rate of return of 15-20 percent; and similarly an additional $15 of investment projects in each successive rate of return range down to and including the 0-5 percent range.Type: G Topic: 5 E: 159 MA: 159139. Refer to the above information. If the real interest rate is 15 percent, what amount of investment will be undertaken?A)$15B) $30C) $45D) $60Answer: BType: G Topic: 5 E: 159 MA: 159140. Refer to the above information. If the real interest rate is 5 percent, what amount of investment will be undertaken?A)$15B) $30C) $45D) $60Answer: DType: G Topic: 5 E: 160 MA: 160141. Refer to the above information. The expected rate of return curve:A)shows a direct relationship between the i nterest rate and investment.B)is also the investment demand curve.C)is indeterminant.D)implies a direct (positive) relationship between the interest rate and the level of GDP.Answer: BUse the following to answer questions 142-144:Type: G Topic: 5 E: 162 MA: 162 Status: New142. Which of the following would shift the investment demand curve from ID1 to ID2?A)a lower interest rateC)a higher interest rateB)lower expected rates of return on investmentD)higher expected rates of return on investmentAnswer: DType: G Topic: 5 E: 162 MA: 162 Status: New143. Which of the following would shift the investment demand curve from ID1 to ID3?A)a lower interest rateC)a higher interest rateB)lower expected rates of return on investmentD)higher expected rates of return on investmentAnswer: BType: G Topic: 5 E: 160 MA: 160 Status: New144. Which of the following would increase investment, while leaving an existing investment demand curve, say, ID2, in place?A)a lower interest rateC)lower expected returns on investmentB)a higher interest rateD)higher expected returns on investmentAnswer: AType: F Topic: 5 E: 162-163 MA: 162-163 Status: New145. In annual percentage terms, investment spending in the United States is:A)less variable than real GDP.C)less variable than the price level.B)less variable than consumption spending.D)more variable than real GDP.Answer: DMultiplier effectType: A Topic: 6 E: 164 MA: 164146. The multiplier effect means that:A)consumption is typically several times as large as saving.B)a change in consumption can cause a larger increase in investment.C)an increase in investment can cause GDP to change by a larger amount.D)a decline in the MPC can cause GDP to rise by several times that amount.Answer: CType: E Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166147. The multiplier is:A)1/MPC.B) 1/(1 + MPC).C) 1/MPS.D) 1/(1 – MPS).Answer: CType: A Topic: 6 E: 164 MA: 164148. The multiplier is useful in determining the:A)full-employment unemployment rate.B)level of business inventories.C) rate of inflation.D)change in GDP resulting from a change in spending.Answer: DType: D Topic: 6 E: 164 MA: 164149. The multiplier is defined as:A)1 – MPS.C)change in GDP/initial change in spending.B)change in GDP ? initial change in spending.D)change in GDP – initial change in spending.Answer: CUse the following to answer questions 150-151:Type: G Topic: 6 E: 156 MA: 156150. The above figure shows the saving schedules for economies 1, 2, 3, and 4. Which economy has the highest marginal propensity to consume?A)1B) 2C) 3D) 4Answer: DType: G Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166151. The above figure shows the saving schedules for economies 1, 2, 3, and 4. Which economy has the largest multiplier?A)1B) 2C) 3D) 4Answer: DType: E Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166 152. If 100 percent of any change in income is spent, the multiplier will be:A)equal to the MPC.B) 1.C) zero.D) infinitely large.Answer: DType: E Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166153. The multiplier can be calculated as:A)1/(MPS + MPC)B) MPC/MPSC) 1 /(1 – MPC)D) 1 – MPC = MPSAnswer: CType: D Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166154. The multiplier:A)occurs only in response to a change in the level of investment spending.B)can be found by taking the reciprocal of the MPS.C)occurs only when intended investment increases as GDP increases.D)is measured by the slope of the saving schedule.Answer: BType: A Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166155. The size of the multiplier is equal to the:A)slope of the consumption schedule.B)reciprocal of the slope of the consumption schedule.C)slope of the saving schedule.D)reciprocal of the slope of the saving schedule.Answer: DType: C Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166156. If the MPS is only half as large as the MPC, the multiplier is:A)2.B) 3.C) 4.D) 5.Answer: BType: A Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166157. If the MPC is . 70 and gross investment increases by $3 billion, the equilibrium GDP will:A)increase by $10 billion.C)decrease by $4. 29 billion.B)increase by $2. 10 billion.D)increase by $4. 29 billion.Answer: AType: A Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166158. The numerical value of the multiplier will be smaller the:A)larger the average propensity to consume.C)larger the slope of the consumption schedule.B)larger the slope of the saving schedule.D)smaller the slope of the saving schedule.Answer: BType: A Topic: 6 E: 165 MA: 165159. The practical significance of the multiplier is that it:A)equates the real interest rate and the expected rate of return on investment.B)magnifies initial changes in spending into larger changes in GDP.C)keeps inflation within tolerable limits.D)helps to stabilize the economy.Answer: BType: F Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166160. The multiplier:A)varies directly with the slope of the investment demand schedule.B)is unrelated to the slope of the saving schedule.C)will be greater, the smaller is the slope of the saving schedule.D)will be greater, the steeper is the slope of the saving schedule.Answer: CType: A Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166161. The increase in income that results from an increase in investm ent spending would be greater the:A)smaller the MPS.B) smaller the APC.C) larger the MPS.D) smaller the MPC.Answer: AType: A Topic: 6 E: 164 MA: 164162. The multiplier effect:A)reduces the MPC.B)magnifies changes in spending into larger changes in output and income.C)promotes stability of the general price level.D)lessens upswings and downswings in business activity.Answer: BType: E Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166163. If the MPC is . 6, the multiplier will be:A)4. 0.B) 6. 0.C) 2. 5.D) 1. 67.Answer: CType: C Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166164. Assume the MPC is 2/3. If investment spending increases by $2 billion, the level of GDP will increase by:A)$3 billion.B) $2/3 billion.C) $6 billion.D) $2 billion.Answer: CType: E Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166165. The multiplier is:A)1/APS.B) 1/APC.C) 1/MPC.D) 1/MPS.Answer: DType: A Topic: 6 E: 164 MA: 164 Status: New166. The multiplier applies to:A)investment but not to net exports or government spending.B)investment, net exports, and government spending.C)increases in spending but not to decreases in spending.D)spending by the private sector but not by the public sector.Answer: BType: A Topic: 6 E: 164 MA: 164167. The multiplier effect indicates that:A)a decline in the interest rate will cause a proportionately larger increase in investment.B)a change in spending will change aggregate income by a larger amount.C)a change in spending will increase aggregate income by the same amount.D)an increase in total income will generate a larger change in aggregate expenditures.Answer: BUse the following to answer questions 168-173:Answer the next question(s) on the basis of the following table that illustrates the multiplier process. Type: T Topic: 6 E: 156 MA: 156168. Refer to the above table. The marginal propensity to consume is:A). 5.B) . 75.C) . 8.D) . 9.Answer: CType: T Topic: 6 E: 156 MA: 156169. Refer to the above table. The marginal propensity to save is:A). 5.B) . 25.C) . 2.D) . 1.Answer: CType: T Topic: 6 E: 156 MA: 156170. Refer to the above table. The change in income in round two will be:A)$4.B) $16.C) $20.D) $24.Answer: BType: T Topic: 6 E: 164 MA: 164171. Refer to the above table. The total change in income resulting from the initial change in investment will be:A)$100.B) $20.C) $80.D) $200.Answer: A Type: T Topic: 6 E: 165 MA: 165172. Refer to the above table. The total change in consumption resulting from the initial change in investment will be:A)$100.B) $96.C) $180.D) $80.Answer: DType: T Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166173. Refer to the above table. The multiplier in this economy is:A)2.B) 4.C) 5.D) 10.Answer: CType: C Topic: 6 E: 164 MA: 164174. If a $200 billion increase in investment spending creates $200 billion of new income in the first round of the multiplier process and $160 billion in the second round, the multiplier in the economy is:A)4.B) 5.C) 3. 33.D) 2. 5.Answer: BType: C Topic: 6 E: 164 MA: 164175. If a $50 billion decrease in investment spending causes income to decline by $50 billion in the first round of the multiplier process and by $25 in the second round, the multiplier in the economy is:A)2.B) 3. 33.C) 5.D) 10.Answer: AType: C Topic: 6 E: 165 MA: 165176. If a $100 billion decrease in investment spending causes income to decline by $100 billion in the first round of the multiplier process and by $75 billion in the second round, income will eventually decline by:A)$200 billion.B) $300 billion.C) $400 billion.D) $500 billion.Answer: CType: C Topic: 6 E: 165 MA: 165177. If a $500 billion increase in investment spending increases income by $500 billion in the first round of the multiplier process and by $450 in the second round, income will eventually increase by:A)$2500 billion.B) $3000 billion.C) $4000 billion.D) $5000 billion.Answer: DType: C Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166178. If the marginal propensity to save is 0. 2 in an economy, a $20 billion rise in investment spending will increase:A)GDP by $120 billion.C)saving by $25 billion.B)GDP by $20 billion.D)consumption by $80 billion. Answer: DType: A Topic: 6 E: 166 MA: 166179. A $1 billion increase in investment will cause a:A)(1/MPS) billion increase in GDP.C)(1 – MPC) billion increase in GDP.B)(MPS) billion increase in GDP.D)(MPC – MPS) billion increase in GDP.Answer: AType: F Topic: 6 E: 166-167 MA: 166-167180. The Council of Economic Advisers has estimated that the actual multiplier for the U. S. economy is approximately:A)4.B) 3. 5.C) 3.D) 2.Answer: DType: F Topic: 6 E: 166-167 MA: 166-167 Status: New181. The actual multiplier effect in the U. S. economy is less than the multiplier effect in the text examples because:A)the real-world MPS is larger than the MPS in the examples.B)in addition to saving, households use some of any increase in income to buy imported goods and to pay higher taxes.C)the gap between the nominal interest rate and the real interest rate widens as the economy expands or contracts.D)the MPC in the United States is greater than 1.Answer: BConsider This QuestionsType: F E: 159 MA: 159 Status: New182. (Consider This) U. S. consumption increased between March 2000 and July 2002 even though stock values declined by $3. 7 trillion. One of the reasons was that:A)lower interest rates allowed many households to reduce their monthly loan payments and increase their consumption spending.B)deflation occurred, which increased purchasing power.C)economic growth accelerated relative to the prior two years.D)the unemployment rate dramatically declined.Answer: AType: F E: 159 MA: 159 Status: New183. (Consider This) Part of the wealth effect of a $3. 7 trillion decline in stock values between March 2000 and July 2002 was offset by rising:A)tax rates.B) interest rates.C) house values.D) expectations of future income.Answer: CLast Word QuestionsType: A E: 167 MA: 167184. (Last Word) Art Buchwald's article â€Å"Squaring the Economic Circle† is a humorous description of:A)a negative GDP gap.C)the marginal propensity to save.B)a positive GDP gap.D)the multiplier. Answer: DType: A E: 167 MA: 167185. Last Word) Art Buchwald's article â€Å"Squaring the Economic Circle† humorously describes how:A)a person's decision not to buy an automobile eventually reduces many people's incomes, including that of the person making the original decision.B)a price increase on a single product eventually leads to rapid inflation.C)an increase in imports eventually leads to a greater increase in exports.D)a government tax rate increase eventually results in the government collecting less tax revenue than before the tax rate hike.Answer: ATrue/False QuestionsType: A E: 154 MA: 154186. If DI is $275 billion and the APC is 0. 8, we can conclude that saving is $55 billion.Answer: TrueType: A E: 156 MA: 156187. If the MPC is constant at various levels of income, then the APC must also be constant at all of those income levels.Answer: FalseType: A E: 154 MA: 154188. The average propensity to consume is defined as income divided by consumption.Answer: FalseType: D E: 156 MA: 156189. 1 – MPC = MPS.Answer: TrueType: A E: 159 MA: 159190. A decline in the real interest rate will shift the investment demand curve to the right.Answer: FalseType: A E: 156 MA: 156191. If the Brown family's marginal propensity to consume is 0. 70, then it will necessarily consume seven-tenths of its total income.Answer: FalseType: A E: 156 MA: 156192. 1 + MPS = MPC.Answer: FalseType: A E: 156 MA: 156193. The slope of the consumption schedule is measured by the MPC.Answer: TrueType: A E: 159 MA: 159194. A specific investment will be undertaken if the expected rate of return, r, exceeds the interest rate, i.Answer: TrueType: A E: 163-164 MA: 163-164195. Investment is highly stable; it rarely changes.Answer: FalseType: A E: 156 MA: 156196. The greater the MPC, the greater the multiplier.Answer: TrueType: A E: 166 MA: 166197. If the MPS is 1, the multiplier will be 1.Answer: TrueType: A E: 166 MA: 166198. The multiplier is equal to the reciprocal of the MPC.Answ er: FalseType: F E: 164 MA: 164 Status: New199. The multiplier shows the relationship between changes in a component of spending, say, investment, and the consequent changes in real income and output.Answer: TrueType: F E: 167 MA: 167 Status: New200. The estimate for the value of the real-world multiplier is 2.Answer: True

Economic Changes in Medieval Times essays

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